2024年高考試卷
無(wú)論是在學(xué)校還是在社會(huì)中，我們都要用到試卷，經(jīng)過(guò)半個(gè)學(xué)期的學(xué)習(xí)，究竟學(xué)到了什么?需要試卷來(lái)幫我們檢驗(yàn)。什么樣的試卷才是科學(xué)規(guī)范的試卷呢？下面是小編為大家整理的2024年高考試卷，歡迎大家分享。
2024年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國(guó)統(tǒng)一考試（全國(guó)甲卷）
英語(yǔ)學(xué)科
第一部分 聽(tīng)力（共兩節(jié), 滿分30分）
第一節(jié)（共5小題; 每小題1. 5分, 滿分7. 5分）
聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題, 從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)完每段對(duì)話后, 你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。
1. Where are the speakers going?
A. A new restaurant. B. A convenience store. C. Their office.
2. When is the class presentation according to Vicky?
A. On Thursday. B. On Wednesday. C. On Tuesday.
3. Why does the woman make the call?
A. To check the price. B. To make an apology. C. To cancel her order.
4. What is the probable relationship between the speakers?
A. Husband and wife. B. Boss and employee. C. Salesperson and customer.
5. What are the speakers mainly talking about?
A. Their move to a new place. B. Toms friends at school. C. A sports center.
第二節(jié)（共15小題; 每小題1. 5分, 滿分22. 5分）
聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題, 從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前, 你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題, 每小題5秒鐘; 聽(tīng)完后, 各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。
聽(tīng)第6 段材料, 回答第6、7題。
6. What does the girl tell her dad?
A. She decides to quit college.
B. She worries about her academic ability.
C. She is unpopular with her classmates.
7. How does the father help his daughter?
A. By telling a funny joke. B. By sharing his own story. C. By planning a school tour.
聽(tīng)第7段材料, 回答第8 至 10題。
8. Who is the man?
A. A researcher. B. A bird watcher. C. A radio host.
9. When do birds sing quieter?
A. On weekend mornings. B. During rush hours. C. In early evenings.
10. What is Dr. Zollinger going to do next?
A. Summarize her studies. B. Play some recordings. C. Answer more questions.
聽(tīng)第8段材料, 回答第11至13題。
11. Where was Jena born?
A. In Canada. B. In Japan. C. In Australia.
12. How old was Mike when he left Glasgow?
A. Five. B. Six. C. Ten.
13. What do we know about Mikes parents?
A. They enjoy living abroad.
B. They first met at the age of 20.
C. They will start their own company.
聽(tīng)第9段材料, 回答第14至16題。
14. What is the first question to Mr. Green about?
A. His adventure in space. B. His physical condition. C. His doctors advice.
15. How does Mr. Green feel about traveling to Mars?
A. Its unlikely to happen.
B. Its physically demanding.
C. Its a chance not to be missed.
16. Which is Mr. Greens favorite movie?
A. Apollo 13. B. Blue Earth. C. Space Station.
聽(tīng)第10段材料, 回答第17至20題。
17. What is the speaker doing?
A. Giving a report.
B. Introducing a musical play.
C. Making an announcement.
18. What are the students expected to do?
A. Carry school flags. B. Wear fun clothes. C. Design fancy masks.
19. Where can the parents stand and watch?
A. On the sidewalk. B. On the playground. C. In front of the office.
20. What should the students do if they dont take part?
A. Let their teacher know. B. Stay in the lecture hall. C. Do some reading.
參考答案
1-5ACBCA 6-10 BBCAB
11-15 ABABC 16-20ACBCA
聽(tīng)力原文
(Text 1)
W: Look, we have time for hamburgar at this former restaurant.
W: Forget that. I know a new restaurant on Maple Street not far from our company. Is that okay with you？
M: Perfect.
(Text 2)
M: Hi，Vicky. I remember our class presentation is on Wednesday，but you said its on Thursday. Are you sure？
W: Sorry. It was a slip of the tongue. I meant Tuesday for sure.
(Text 3)
M: Allens furniture. Can I help you？
W: Hi. Im the one who asked about the price of a glass tea table top. Just now Im sorry，I made a mistake. The size should be 75 centimeters by 50 centimeters.
M: Oh. Thatll make a difference in the price. Hold on and let me find out.
(Text 4)
W: These are our new arrivals. Every man should own at least one woollen sweater. Dont you think？
M: I agree. Any suggestions？
W: The one with two pockets sells best this year？Lightweight and stylish. Would you like to try it on？
(Text 5)
W: How do you like your school,Tom？
M: Oh, I like it a lot and I also like the area. The nearby recreation center is cool. Thank you，mom.
W: What really leaves you happy with your new home？
(Text 6)
W: I dont know if I want to go to college，I dont think Ill do very well there，
M: Why not？
W: Because Im not smart.
M: Ye, It can be scary.
W: Did you ever come close to dropping out, Dad？
M: No. But I worried a lot before I went，I thought college would be full of brains. Once I got there，I found out that most of the kids were just like me.
(Text 7)
M: Hello，listeners. People around the world are reporting that birds are much louder these days. Now Ive connected with doctor salinger and lets hear what she will say.
W: We feel that theyre singing louder because they sing in typically noisy places. But when the noise is gone，they sing quieter than they normally do.
M: In other words，birds are like us in a noisy bar，for example，people will raise their voices.
W: Exactly. We know that birds sing quieter on the weekend mornings.
(Text 8)
M: Hi. I dont think weve met before. Im Mike.
W: Hi，Mike. My name is Gina. Nice to meet you.
M: Nice to meet you，Gina. Where do you come from？
W: Originally Im from Canada，but we moved to australia when I was about 5 years old now. My parents live in Tokyo. How about you, Mike？
M: I was born in Glasgow and we lived there until I was six. Then since my father worked for an international trade company，we moved all over the place.
W: Yeah. Where are some of the places youve lived？
M: Most of the time we lived abroad？We spent a total of 10 years in Japan，Germany and Korea. We came back to the UK only 2 years ago，but I think my parents would prefer to stay overseas for another 20 years.
W: Wow. It sounds like youve had an interesting life.
(Text 9)
W: Good morning. Welcome the space hero, Mr Green to my studio.
M: Hello. Maria. Hello，my dear friends.
W: Well. Lets start from the first question I collected from the audience. Did you have any moments of dizziness since he landed back on the earth.
M: The first 3 days back were pretty tough. Your body system is all messed up. So you feel dizzy. Its quite normal，though.
W: Thanks. Another question. Would you go for the first manned Mars travel, If you have the chance？
M: Absolutely. A trip to Mars is hugely exciting. Im always ready for it.
W: I know you can watch movies on the space station. Whats your favorite space movie？Some people asked.
M: Apollo 13 is probably my top one. My sons love blue earth. It was brilliant watching the new movie on board the space station.
(Text 10)
W : Our next dress up day will be on friday，October 28th， and it is our annual dress up day. On this day，students may dress up in fun clothes and there will be a march around the school. Students are reminded not to carry sharp things such as knives and swords. Please make sure that you can see and breathe easily if you wear masks. Parents are invited to watch the event but are asked to stand either in front of the office near the flagpole or in the grassy courtyard，the students will be marching around on the sidewalks. So we do need to keep all sidewalks clear. Parents and friends may also join in the march if they are dressed in appropriate clothes. But if youre just watching，wed like to ask you to stay in one spot to reduce traffic jams. Students who do not wish to take part in the event for religious or other reasons should inform their teacher and they will be allowed to stay in the office until after the event.
第二部分 閱讀（共兩節(jié), 滿分50分）
第一節(jié)（共15小題; 每小題2. 5分, 滿分37. 5分）
閱讀下列短文, 從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。
A
Each ARTS FIRST festival is a unique annual celebration of the Harvard communitys artistic creativity. We invite you to join us for the coming ARTS FIRST. We look forward to welcoming you as we showcase the creativity of the Harvard arts community through performances, art exhibitions and art-making activities. The festival is a public event for Harvard and community members of all ages.
Light Awash in Watercolor
Learn about the materials and qualities of watercolor paint with experts from the Harvard Art Museums Materials Lab. Try your hand at some of the painting tricks used by artists whose works will be in the upcoming exhibition of American Watercolors 1880-1990: Into the Light.
Spineless Artists: Invertebrate Creativity
From webs to cocoons, invertebrates (無(wú)脊椎動(dòng)物) create some of natures most delicate and beautiful designs. Join Javier Marin from the Harvard Museum of Natural History to learn how insects and other invertebrates dance, inspire fashion and create art, while making your own spineless artists out of craft (手工藝) materials.
Wheel Throwing
Join instructors from the Ceramics Program and great potters from Quincy, Cabot and Mather Houses for demonstrations using the potters wheel. Then create your own masterpiece!
Knitting and Pom-Pom Making
Join the Harvard Undergraduate Knitting Circle to make pom-poms and tassels out of thread, or pick up a pair of needles and learn to knit (編織).
1. What do we know about ARTS FIRST?
A. It is an exhibition of oil paintings. B. It offers art courses for all ages.
C. It presents recreational activities. D. It is a major tourist attraction.
2. Which program will you join if youre interested in drawing pictures?
A. Light Awash in Watercolor. B. Spineless Artists: Invertebrate Creativity.
C. Wheel Throwing. D. Knitting and Pom-Pom Making.
3. What can you do together with Javier Marin?
A. Practice a traditional dance. B. Make handcrafts.
C Visit a local museum. D. Feed invertebrates.
【答案】1. C 2. A 3. B
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了ARTS FIRST藝術(shù)節(jié)的相關(guān)藝術(shù)展覽和藝術(shù)制作活動(dòng)，并且邀請(qǐng)熱愛(ài)的學(xué)生或社區(qū)成員加入。
【1題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段的“We look forward to welcoming you as we showcase the creativity of the Harvard arts community through performances, art exhibitions and art-making activities.(我們期待著您的到來(lái)，我們將通過(guò)表演、藝術(shù)展覽和藝術(shù)創(chuàng)作活動(dòng)來(lái)展示哈佛藝術(shù)界的創(chuàng)造力。)”以及下文的四個(gè)小標(biāo)題“Light Awash in Watercolor (水彩中的淡光)”；“Spineless Artists: Invertebrate Creativity(沒(méi)有骨氣的藝術(shù)家:無(wú)脊椎的創(chuàng)造力)”；“Wheel Throwing (投擲輪子)”和“Knitting and Pom-Pom Making (編織和制作毛絨球)”可推知，ARTS FIRST是提供娛樂(lè)活動(dòng)的。故選C項(xiàng)。
【2題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章“Light Awash in Watercolor (水彩中的淡光)”部分中的“Learn about the materials and qualities of watercolor paint with experts from the Harvard Art Museums Materials Lab. Try your hand at some of the painting tricks used by artists whose works will be in the upcoming exhibition of American Watercolors 1880 ― 1990: Into the Light. (與哈佛藝術(shù)博物館材料實(shí)驗(yàn)室的專家一起了解水彩顏料的材料和質(zhì)量。在即將到來(lái)的“1880 ― 1990年美國(guó)水彩畫：進(jìn)入光”展覽中，嘗試一下藝術(shù)家們使用的一些繪畫技巧。)”可知，如果對(duì)畫畫感興趣，可以參加Light Awash in Watercolor。故選A項(xiàng)。
【3題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章“Spineless Artists: Invertebrate Creativity (無(wú)脊椎藝術(shù)家：無(wú)脊椎動(dòng)物的創(chuàng)造力)”部分中的“Join Javier Marin from the Harvard Museum of History to learn how insects and other Natural invertebrates dance, inspire fashion and create art, while making your own spineless artists out of craft materials. (和哈佛歷史博物館的Javier Marin一起學(xué)習(xí)昆蟲和其他自然無(wú)脊椎動(dòng)物是如何跳舞、啟發(fā)時(shí)尚和創(chuàng)造藝術(shù)的。同時(shí)用手工材料制作你自己的無(wú)脊椎藝術(shù)家。)”可知，參與者能跟Javier Marin一起進(jìn)行手工制作。故選B項(xiàng)。
B
Animals can express their needs using a lot of ways. For instance, almost all animals have distinct vocals (聲音) that they rely on to either ask for help, scare away any dangerous animals or look for shelter. But cats are special creatures who possess amazing vocalization skills. They are able to have entire conversations with humans using meows and youre able to interpret it. If a pet cat is hungry, it will keep meowing to attract attention and find food. However, when a cat is looking for affection, they tend to produce stretched and soft meows. Meowing starts as soon as a baby cat is brought to life and uses it to get the mothers attention and be fed.
Cats have many heightened senses, but their sense of smell is quite impressive. They use their noses to assess their environment and look out for any signs of danger. They will sniff out specific areas before they choose a place to relax. However, another way the cats are able to distinguish between situations is by looking for familiar smells. Your cat will likely smell your face and store the smell in its memory and use it to recognize you in the future. Thats why most pet cats are able to tell immediately if their owners were around any other cats, which they dont usually like.
Dogs are known for their impressive fetching habit, but cats take this behavior up a notch. Many cats will find random objects outside and bring them to their owners. This is a very old habit thats been present in all kinds of predators (食肉動(dòng)物). Cats bring gifts for their owners to show they love you. These adorable little hunters are just doing something that its been in their nature since the beginning of time. So just go along with it!
4. What can be learned about cats meowing from the first paragraph?
A. Its a survival skill. B. Its taught by mother cats.
C. Its hard to interpret. D. Its getting louder with age.
5. How does a pet cat assess different situations?
A. By listening for sounds. B. By touching familiar objects.
C. By checking on smells. D. By communicating with other cats.
6. Which best explains the phrase "take. . . up notch" in paragraph 3?
A. Perform appropriately. B. Move faster. C. Act strangely. D. Do better.
7. What is a suitable title for the text?
A. Tips on Finding a Smart Cat B. Understanding Your Cats Behavior
C. Have Fun with Your Cat D. How to Keep Your Cat Healthy
【答案】4. A 5. C 6. D 7. B
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了貓通過(guò)叫聲、嗅覺(jué)和帶回禮物來(lái)表達(dá)需求、評(píng)估環(huán)境和展示愛(ài)意。
【4題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Animals can express their needs using a lot of ways. For instance, almost all animals have distinct vocals (聲音) that they rely on to either ask for help, scare away any dangerous animals or look for shelter. (動(dòng)物可以用很多方式來(lái)表達(dá)他們的需求。例如，幾乎所有的動(dòng)物都有獨(dú)特的聲音，它們依靠這些聲音來(lái)尋求幫助，嚇跑危險(xiǎn)的動(dòng)物或?qū)ふ冶幼o(hù)。)”和“Meowing starts as soon as a baby cat is brought to life and uses it to get the mother’s attention and be fed. (貓寶寶一出生就開始喵喵叫，喵喵叫是為了引起媽媽的注意和被喂食。)”可知，貓叫聲是一種生存技能。故選A。
【5題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Cats have many heightened senses, but their sense of smell is quite impressive. They use their noses to assess their environment and look out for any signs of danger. (貓有許多敏銳的感官，但它們的嗅覺(jué)令人印象深刻。它們用鼻子來(lái)評(píng)估周圍的環(huán)境，尋找任何危險(xiǎn)的跡象。)”可知，寵物貓通過(guò)檢查氣味來(lái)評(píng)估不同情況。故選C。
【6題詳解】
詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第三段劃線詞前半句“Dogs are known for their impressive fetching habit, (狗以其令人印象深刻的抓取習(xí)慣而聞名)”和后句“Many cats will find random objects outside and bring them to their owners. (許多貓會(huì)在外面隨意找到一些東西，并把它們帶給主人。)”可知，狗以取回東西而聞名，但貓可以從外邊找到東西帶回來(lái)，因此在這一行為上更上一層樓。短語(yǔ)take ... up a notch是用來(lái)形容貓?jiān)趲Щ貣|西這一行為上做得更好或更出色。故選D。
【7題詳解】
主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Animals can express their needs using a lot of ways.( 動(dòng)物可以用很多方式來(lái)表達(dá)他們的需求。)”及全文可知，文章都在介紹和解釋貓的各種行為方式，包括叫聲、嗅覺(jué)和帶回禮物的習(xí)慣，以及這些行為背后的原因和意義。所以“Understanding Your Cat’s Behavior(了解你的貓的行為)”作為文章標(biāo)題最為合適。故選B。
C
The Saint Lukas train doesn’t accept passengers ― it accepts only the sick. The Saint Lukas is one of five government-sponsored medical trains that travel to remote towns in central and eastern Russia. Each stop lasts an average of two days, and during that time the doctors and nurses on board provide rural (鄉(xiāng)村) populations with basic medical care, X-ray scans and prescriptions.
“People started queuing to make an appointment early in the morning,” says Emile Ducke, a German photographer who traveled with the staff of the Saint Lukas for a two-week trip in November through the vast regions (區(qū)域) of Krasnoyarsk and Khakassia.
Russia’s public health care service has been in serious need of modernization. The government has struggled to come up with measures to address the problem, particularly in the poorer, rural areas east of the Volga River, including arranging doctor’s appointments by video chat and expanding financial aid programs to motivate doctors to practice medicine in remote parts of the country like Krasnoyarsk.
The annual arrival of the Saint Lukas is another attempt to improve the situation. For 10 months every year, the train stops at about eight stations over two weeks, before returning to the regional capital to refuel and restock (補(bǔ)給). Then it starts all over again the next month. Most stations wait about a year between visits.
Doctors see up to 150 patients every day. The train’s equipment allows for basic checkups. “I was very impressed by the doctors and their assistants working and living in such little space but still staying focused and very concerned,” says Ducke. “They were the best chance for many rural people to get the treatment they want. ”
8. How is the Saint Lukas different from other trains?
A. It runs across countries. B. It reserves seats for the seniors.
C. It functions as a hospital. D. It travels along a river.
9. What can we infer from paragraph 3 about Krasnoyarsk?
A. It is heavily populated. B. It offers training for doctors.
C. It is a modern city. D. It needs medical aid.
10. How long can the Saint Lukas work with one supply?
A. About a year. B. About ten months.
C. About two months. D. About two weeks.
11. What is Ducke’s attitude toward the Saint Lukas’ services?
A. Appreciative. B. Doubtful C. Ambiguous. D. Cautious.
【答案】8. C 9. D 10. D 11. A
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是說(shuō)明文。文章主要講述政府贊助了五輛名為圣盧卡斯的醫(yī)療列車為俄羅斯中部和東部偏遠(yuǎn)地區(qū)每年提供為期10個(gè)月的巡回醫(yī)療服務(wù)，為鄉(xiāng)村居民提供基本醫(yī)療檢查和治療，改善當(dāng)?shù)蒯t(yī)療條件。
【8題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題，根據(jù)文章第一段“The Saint Lukas is one of five government-sponsored medical trains that travel to remote towns in central and eastern Russia. Each stop lasts an average of two days, and during that time the doctors and nurses on board provide rural(鄉(xiāng)村)populations with basic medical care, X-ray scans and prescriptions. (圣盧卡斯號(hào)是五列政府資助的醫(yī)療列車之一，前往俄羅斯中部和東部的偏遠(yuǎn)城鎮(zhèn)。每一站平均停留兩天，在此期間，船上的醫(yī)生和護(hù)士為農(nóng)村人口提供基本醫(yī)療服務(wù)、X光掃描和處方。)”可知，圣盧卡斯號(hào)與其他火車的不同之處在于它是政府資助的醫(yī)療火車，充當(dāng)醫(yī)院。故選C。
【9題詳解】
推理判斷題，第三段提到“Russia’s public health care service has been in serious need of modernization. The government has struggled to come up with measures to address the problem, particularly in the poorer, rural areas east of the Volga River, including arranging doctors appointments by video chat and expanding financial aid programs to motivate doctors to practice medicine in remote parts of the country like Krasnoyarsk. (俄羅斯的公共衛(wèi)生保健服務(wù)迫切需要現(xiàn)代化。政府一直在努力提出解決這一問(wèn)題的措施，特別是在伏爾加河以東較貧窮的農(nóng)村地區(qū)，包括通過(guò)視頻聊天安排醫(yī)生預(yù)約，擴(kuò)大財(cái)政援助計(jì)劃，激勵(lì)醫(yī)生到克拉斯諾亞爾斯克等偏遠(yuǎn)地區(qū)行醫(yī)。) ”可以推斷，Krasnoyarsk需要醫(yī)療援助，故選D。
【10題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題，根據(jù)第四段“For 10 months every year, the train stops at about eight stations over two weeks, before returning to the regional capital to refuel and restock (補(bǔ)給). ”(每年有10個(gè)月，火車兩周內(nèi)?？看蠹s八個(gè)車站，然后返回地區(qū)首府進(jìn)行補(bǔ)給和重新裝貨。) ”可知，圣盧卡斯號(hào)一份補(bǔ)給可以工作大約兩周，故選D。
【11題詳解】
推斷判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的““I was very impressed by the doctors and their assistants working and living in such little space but still staying focused and very concerned, ” says Ducke. “They were the best chance for many rural people to get the treatment they want. ”(“醫(yī)生和他們的助手在這么小的空間里工作和生活，但仍然保持專注和非常關(guān)注，這給我留下了深刻的印象，”Ducke說(shuō)。這是許多農(nóng)村人獲得他們想要的治療的最好機(jī)會(huì)?！?”可知，Ducke對(duì)Saint Lukas的服務(wù)持贊賞的態(tài)度，故選A。
【點(diǎn)睛】
D
“I didn’t like the ending,” I said to my favorite college professor. It was my junior year of undergraduate, and I was doing an independent study on Victorian literature. I had just finished reading The Mill on the Floss by George Eliot, and I was heartbroken with the ending. Prof. Gracie, with all his patience, asked me to think about it beyond whether I liked it or not. He suggested I think about the difference between endings that I wanted for the characters and endings that were right for the characters, endings that satisfied the story even if they didn’t have a traditionally positive outcome. Of course, I would have preferred a different ending for Tom and Maggie Tulliver, but the ending they got did make the most sense for them.
This was an aha moment for me, and I never thought about endings the same way again. From then on, if I wanted to read an ending guaranteed to be happy, I’d pick up a love romance. If I wanted an ending I couldn’t guess, I’d pick up a mystery (懸疑小說(shuō)). One where I kind of knew what was going to happen, historical fiction. Choosing what to read became easier.
But writing the end ― that’s hard. It’s hard for writers because endings carry so much weight with readers. You have to balance creating an ending thats unpredictable, but doesn’t seem to come from nowhere, one that fits what’s right for the characters.
That’s why this issue (期) of Writer’s Digest aims to help you figure out how to write the best ending for whatever kind of writing you’re doing. If it’s short stories, Peter Mountford breaks down six techniques you can try to see which one helps you stick the landing. Elizabeth Sims analyzes the final chapters of five great novels to see what key points they include and how you can adapt them for your work.
This issue won’t tell you what your ending should be ― that’s up to you and the story you’re telling ― but it might provide what you need to get there.
12. Why did the author go to Prof. Gracie?
A. To discuss a novel. B. To submit a book report.
C. To argue for a writer. D. To ask for a reading list.
13. What did the author realize after seeing Gracie?
A. Writing is a matter of personal preferences.
B. Readers are often carried away by character.
C. Each type of literature has its unique end.
D. A story which begins well will end well.
14. What is expected of a good ending?
A. It satisfies readers’ taste. B. It fits with the story development.
C. It is usually positive. D. It is open for imagination.
15. Why does the author mention Peter Mountford and Elizabeth Sims?
A. To give examples of great novelists. B. To stress the theme of this issue.
C. To encourage writing for the magazine. D. To recommend their new books.
【答案】12. A 13. C 14. B 15. B
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇議論文。文章首先通過(guò)作者與教授關(guān)于小說(shuō)結(jié)局的討論引發(fā)了對(duì)結(jié)局的思考，接著闡述了不同類型的文學(xué)作品結(jié)局的特點(diǎn)，最后提出了寫作好的結(jié)局的重要性并介紹了《Writer’s Digest》雜志如何幫助作家寫出更好的結(jié)尾。
【12題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段““I didn’t like the ending,” I said to my favorite college professor. It was my junior year of undergraduate, and I was doing an independent study on Victorian literature. I had just finished reading The Mill on the Floss by George Eliot, and I was heartbroken with the ending. Prof. Gracie, with all his patience, asked me to think about it beyond whether I liked it or not.( “我不喜歡這個(gè)結(jié)局，”我對(duì)我最喜歡的大學(xué)教授說(shuō)。那是我大三的時(shí)候，我正在做一項(xiàng)關(guān)于維多利亞文學(xué)的獨(dú)立研究。我剛剛讀完喬治?艾略特的《弗洛斯河上的磨坊》，讀到結(jié)尾我很傷心。格雷西教授耐心地讓我考慮一下，不要只看我喜不喜歡)”可知，作者去找格雷西教授是為了討論小說(shuō)。故選A項(xiàng)。
【13題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“This was an aha moment for me, and I never thought about endings the same way again. From then on, if I wanted to read an ending guaranteed to be happy, I’d pick up a love romance. If I wanted an ending I couldn’t guess, I’d pick up a mystery (懸疑小說(shuō)). One where I kind of knew what was going to happen, historical fiction. Choosing what to read became easier.( 這對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)是一個(gè)頓悟的時(shí)刻，我再也沒(méi)有想過(guò)同樣的結(jié)局。從那時(shí)起，如果我想讀一個(gè)保證幸福的結(jié)局，我就會(huì)選一部愛(ài)情小說(shuō)。如果我想要一個(gè)我猜不到的結(jié)局，我會(huì)選一本神秘小說(shuō)。一種是我知道會(huì)發(fā)生什么，歷史小說(shuō)。選擇讀什么變得更容易了)”可知，見(jiàn)過(guò)格雷西教授后，作者意識(shí)到了每種類型的文學(xué)都有其獨(dú)特的結(jié)局。故選C項(xiàng)。
14題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“But writing the end―that’s hard. It’s hard for writers because endings carry so much weight with readers. You have to balance creating an ending that’s unpredictable, but doesn’t seem to come from nowhere, one that fits what’s right for the characters.(但是寫出結(jié)局――那很難。對(duì)作家來(lái)說(shuō)很難，因?yàn)榻Y(jié)局對(duì)讀者來(lái)說(shuō)意義重大。你必須平衡創(chuàng)造一個(gè)不可預(yù)測(cè)的結(jié)局，但這個(gè)結(jié)局又不能顯得憑空而來(lái)，要適合角色的設(shè)定)”可知，人們對(duì)一個(gè)好結(jié)局的期望是結(jié)局又不能顯得憑空而來(lái)，要適合角色的設(shè)定，也就是符合故事的發(fā)展。故選B項(xiàng)。
【15題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“That’s why this issue (期) of Writer’s Digest aims to help you figure out how to write the best ending for whatever kind of writing you’re doing. If it’s short stories, Peter Mountford breaks down six techniques you can try to see which one helps you stick the landing. Elizabeth Sims analyzes the final chapters of five great novels to see what key points they include and how you can adapt them for your work.( 這就是為什么這期《Writer’s Digest》旨在幫助你找出如何為你正在寫的任何類型的作品寫出最好的結(jié)局。如果是短篇小說(shuō)，彼得?蒙特福德分解了六種技巧，你可以嘗試看看哪一種能幫助你完美著陸。伊麗莎白?西姆斯分析了五部偉大小說(shuō)的最后幾章，看看它們包含了哪些關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)，以及你如何將它們應(yīng)用到你的作品中)”可知，作者提到彼得?蒙福德和伊麗莎白?西姆斯是為了強(qiáng)調(diào)這期《Writer’s Digest》的主題，即幫助讀者寫出更好的結(jié)尾。故選B項(xiàng)。
【點(diǎn)睛】
第二節(jié)（共5小題; 每小題2分, 滿分10分）
根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容, 從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。
What is moderation (適度)? Basically, it means eating only as much food as your body needs. You should feel satisfied at the end of a meal, but not too full. ____16____ But it doesnt mean saying goodbye to the foods you love.
Take your time. Its important to slow down and think about food as something nutritious rather than just something to eat in between meetings. ____17____ It actually takes a few minutes for your brain to tell your body that it has had enough food, so eat slowly and stop eating before you feel full.
Eat with others whenever possible. Eating alone, “specially in front of the TV or computer, often leads to mindless overeating. And be careful about the foods you keep at hand. Its more challenging to eat in moderation if you have unhealthy snacks at the ready, like cookies. ____18____
Control emotional (情緒的) eating. ____19____ Many of us also turn to food to deal with unpleasant emotions such as sadness, loneliness, or boredom. But by learning healthier ways to manage emotions, you can regain control over the food you eat and your feelings.
____20____ A healthy breakfast can start your metabolism (新陳代謝), while eating small, healthy meals keeps your energy up all day. Avoid eating late at night. Try to eat dinner earlier and fast for 14 ― 16 hours until breakfast the next morning. Studies suggest that eating only when youre most active and giving your digestive system a long break each day may help to regulate weight.
A. Eat properly throughout the day.
B. We dont always eat just to satisfy hunger.
C. Dont swallow a meal on the way to work.
D. Most of us need to double the amount we eat.
E. Instead, surround yourself with healthy choices.
F. For many of us, moderation means eating less than we do now.
G. That wont lead to cheating or giving up on your new eating plan.
【答案】16. F 17. C 18. E 19. B 20. A
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，文章主要介紹了，在飲食上注意節(jié)制及其如何節(jié)制的方法。
【16題詳解】
上文“Basically, it means eating only as much food as your body needs, You should feel satisfied at the end of a meal, but not too full. (基本上，它意味著只吃你身體需要的食物，你應(yīng)該在用餐結(jié)束時(shí)感到滿足，但不要太飽)”指出，進(jìn)餐時(shí)不要吃太飽，吃東西要適量。下文“But it doesn’t mean saying goodbye to the foods you love. (但這并不意味著要告別你喜歡的食物)”指出，適量進(jìn)食不是要放棄吃自己喜歡的食物。F項(xiàng)“對(duì)我們?cè)S多人來(lái)說(shuō)，節(jié)制意味著比現(xiàn)在吃的少。”解釋了何為適量進(jìn)食。承上啟下，符合文意，選項(xiàng)中的“means”與下文一致。故選F項(xiàng)。
【17題詳解】
根據(jù)上文“Take your time. It’s important to slow down and think about food as something nutritious rather than just something to eat in between meetings. (慢慢來(lái)。放慢腳步，把食物看作是有營(yíng)養(yǎng)東西，而不僅僅是會(huì)議間隙吃的`東西，這一點(diǎn)很重要)”可推知，本段主要建議讀者吃東西要細(xì)嚼慢咽，不要過(guò)于急躁。C項(xiàng)“不要在上班的路上急忙吃下一頓飯?！背薪由衔?。符合文意。故選C項(xiàng)。
【18題詳解】
上文“It’s more challenging to eat in moderation if you have unhealthy snacks at the ready, like cookies. (如果你已經(jīng)準(zhǔn)備好了不健康的零食，比如餅干，那么適量食用就更具挑戰(zhàn)性了。)”指出，吃不健康的食物不利于適度飲食，E項(xiàng)“相反，你應(yīng)該選擇健康的食物?！狈衔囊猓ㄗh讀者選擇健康的食物。選項(xiàng)中的“healthy”與上文中的“unhealthy”相對(duì)應(yīng)。故選E項(xiàng)。
【19題詳解】
根據(jù)本段首句“Control emotional (情緒的) eating. (控制情緒化進(jìn)食)”以及下文“Many of us also turn to food to deal with unpleasant emotions such as sadness, loneliness, or boredom.(我們中的許多人也會(huì)求助于食物來(lái)處理不愉快的情緒，如悲傷、孤獨(dú)或無(wú)聊)”可推知，本段主要建議讀者不要情緒化的進(jìn)行暴飲暴食，要進(jìn)行健康飲食。B項(xiàng)“我們吃東西并不總是為了充饑?！敝赋鲇行┤顺詵|西并不總是為了充饑，引出下文有些人通過(guò)食物發(fā)泄情緒，符合語(yǔ)境。故選B項(xiàng)。
【20題詳解】
設(shè)空處位于段首，總結(jié)全段，下文“A healthy breakfast can start your metabolism (新陳代謝), while eating small, healthy meals keeps your energy up all day, Avoid eating late at night. Try to eat dinner earlier and fast for 14 ― 16 hours until breakfast the next morning. (健康的早餐可以啟動(dòng)你的新陳代謝，而吃少量健康的食物可以讓你一整天都精力充沛，避免在深夜進(jìn)食。盡量早點(diǎn)吃晚飯，禁食14 ― 16個(gè)小時(shí)，直到第二天早上吃早餐。)”指出，我們?cè)谝惶熘械拿總€(gè)時(shí)間段都要健康飲食。A項(xiàng)“全天合理飲食。”符合語(yǔ)境。故選A項(xiàng)。
第三部分 語(yǔ)言知識(shí)運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié), 滿分45分）
第一節(jié)（共20小題; 每小題1. 5分, 滿分30分）
閱讀下面短文, 從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中, 選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。
One day, we had a family dinner. While the adults were busy with their serious talk outside, I was left alone in the ____21____ to help my grandmother wash dishes. ____22____ my grandmother would tell me stories about her childhood.
Born just before WWII, my grandmother ____23____ an entirely different childhood lifestyle from mine. She did not have a chance to go to ____24____. Like in typical families, where boys were ____25____ much more than girls, my grandma had to stay at home to do ____26____. The only opportunity (機(jī)會(huì)) she could seize to ____27____ was when her brother was having Chinese ____28____ with the family tutor. She would sit quietly at the far end of the long dinner table, listening ____29____. This training taught her to read and write her Chinese upside down ― a skill that has turned out to be quite ____30____, especially whenever we share the newspaper. On most weekends, my grandmother, a young girl then, and her brother would go to the ____31____. There, they would walk through deep water, sit down cross-legged underwater and hold their ____32____ while they watched all action going on around them. This is something I ____33____ ― her ability to open her ____34____ underwater and still sit comfortably on the seabed.
My childhood is quite ____35____ compared with hers. I am ____36____ that I did not need to ____37____ the hardships like she did. Ive never faced the problem of ____38____. I guess our different childhood background is what makes my grandmother such an amazing person to ____39____ to: her stories always make my history textbooks ____40____.
21. A. sitting room B. kitchen C. yard D. dining hall
22. A. As always B. By the way C. For example D. Here and now
23. A. adjusted B. promoted C. achieved D. experienced
24. A. work B. school C. court D. press
25. A. favored B. tolerated C. trusted D. acknowledged
26. A. gardening B. homework C. business D. housework
27. A. exercise B. study C. explore D. teach
28. A. food B. guests C. lessons D. tea
29. A. closely B. directly C. nervously D. freely
30. A. professional B. awkward C. simple D. practical
31. A. market B. mountain C. beach D. class
32. A. secret B. breath C. view D. tongue
33. A. admire B. notice C. adopt D. value
34. A. hands B. mouth C. eyes D. arms
35. A. difficult B. complex C. happy D. similar
36. A. grateful B. surprised C. convinced D. regretful
37. A. reflect upon B. go through C. ask about D. prepare for
38. A. unemployment B. health C. education D. communication
39. A. attend B. refer C. lead D. talk
40. A. come true B. come round C. come out D. come alive
【答案】21. B 22. A 23. D 24. B 25. A 26. D 27. B 28. C 29. A 30. D 31. C 32. B 33. A 34. C 35. C 36. A 37. B 38. C 39. D 40. D
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者祖母的童年故事，以及作者從故事中得到的感悟。
【21題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)大人們?cè)谕饷婷τ趪?yán)肅的談話時(shí)，我一個(gè)人留在廚房里幫奶奶洗碗。A. sitting room客廳；B. kitchen廚房；C. yard院子；D. dining hall餐廳。根據(jù)下文“to help my grandmother wash dishes”可推知，此處指作者在廚房洗碗。故選B。
【22題詳解】
考查副詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：一如既往地，我的祖母會(huì)給我講她童年的故事。As always一如既往；B. By the way順便說(shuō)一句；C. For example例如；D. Here and now此時(shí)此地。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，結(jié)合下文“my grandmother would tell me stories about her childhood”可推知，此處指作者的祖母經(jīng)常給作者講童年故事，這次一如既往的給作者講她童年的故事。故選A。
【23題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我的祖母出生在二戰(zhàn)前夕，她的童年生活方式與我的完全不同。A. adjusted調(diào)整；B. promoted促進(jìn)；C. achieved完成；D. experienced經(jīng)歷。根據(jù)下文“an entirely different childhood lifestyle from mine”可推知，此處指祖母經(jīng)歷的童年與作者的不同。故選D。
【24題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：她沒(méi)有機(jī)會(huì)上學(xué)。A. work工作；B. school學(xué)校；C. court法院；D. press出版社。根據(jù)下文“The only opportunity she could seize to ____7____ was when her brother was having Chinese ____8____ with the family tutor”可推知，此處在指祖母生活的年代，她是沒(méi)有機(jī)會(huì)上學(xué)的。故選B。
【25題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：就像典型的重男輕女的家庭一樣，我奶奶不得不呆在家里做家務(wù)。A. favored贊成；B. tolerated容忍；C. trusted信任；D. acknowledged承認(rèn)。根據(jù)上文“She did not have a chance to go to school. Like in typical families”并結(jié)合語(yǔ)境可推知，此處指作者祖母生活的年代是重男輕女的，所以祖母才不被允許上學(xué)。故選A。
【26題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：就像典型的重男輕女的家庭一樣，我奶奶不得不呆在家里做家務(wù)。A.gardening園藝；B. homework家庭作業(yè)；C. business商務(wù)；D.housework家務(wù)。結(jié)合語(yǔ)境，再根據(jù)上文“my grandma had to stay at home”可推知，此處指作者祖母在家里做家務(wù)。故選D。
【27題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：她唯一能抓住的學(xué)習(xí)機(jī)會(huì)是當(dāng)她的哥哥和家庭教師一起上語(yǔ)文課的時(shí)候。A. exercise鍛煉；B. study學(xué)習(xí)；C. explore探索；D. teach教學(xué)。根據(jù)上文“She did not have a chance to go to school.”以及下文“with the family tutor”可推知，此處指祖母不被允許上學(xué)，自己找機(jī)會(huì)學(xué)習(xí)。故選B。
【28題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：她唯一能抓住的學(xué)習(xí)機(jī)會(huì)是當(dāng)她的哥哥和家庭教師一起上語(yǔ)文課的時(shí)候。A. food食物；B. guests客人；C. lessons課程；D. tea茶。根據(jù)上文“having Chinese”以及下文“with the family tutor”可推知，此處指祖母的哥哥和家庭教師一起上語(yǔ)文課。故選C。
【29題詳解】
考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：她會(huì)安靜地坐在長(zhǎng)長(zhǎng)的餐桌的另一端，仔細(xì)地聽(tīng)著。A.closely仔細(xì)地、緊密地；B. directly直接地；C. nervously緊張地；D. freely自由地。根據(jù)上文“The only opportunity she could seize to study was when her brother was having Chinese lessons with the family tutor. She would sit quietly at the far end of the long dinner table”可推知，此處指祖母抓住學(xué)習(xí)機(jī)會(huì)，仔細(xì)地旁聽(tīng)學(xué)習(xí)。故選A。
【30題詳解】
考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：這項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練教會(huì)了她把中文倒過(guò)來(lái)讀和寫――這項(xiàng)技能被證明是非常實(shí)用的，尤其是當(dāng)我們分享報(bào)紙的時(shí)候。A. professional專業(yè)的；B. awkward令人尷尬的；C. simple簡(jiǎn)單的；D. practical實(shí)用的。根據(jù)上文“This training taught her to read and write her Chinese upside down”以及下文“especially whenever we share the newspaper”可推知，此處指祖母學(xué)會(huì)的技能是非常實(shí)用的。故選D。
【31題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：在大多數(shù)周末，我的祖母，當(dāng)時(shí)還是個(gè)小女孩，和她的哥哥會(huì)去海灘。A. market市場(chǎng)；B. mountain山；C. beach海灘；D. class班級(jí)。根據(jù)下文“they would walk through deep water, sit down cross-legged underwater”可推知，此處指祖母和哥哥去海灘玩水。故選C。
【32題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：在那里，他們會(huì)穿過(guò)深水，盤腿坐在水下，屏住呼吸，看著周圍發(fā)生的一切。A. secret秘密；B. breath呼吸；C. view視野；D. tongue舌頭。根據(jù)上文“they would walk through deep water, sit down cross-legged underwater”可推知，此處指祖母和哥哥在水下屏住呼吸。故選B。
【33題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我很欽佩她在水下張開嘴，還能舒服地坐在海底的能力。A. admire欽佩；B. notice注意到；C.adopt采納；D. value重視。根據(jù)下文“her ability to open her ____14____ underwater and still sit comfortably on the seabed”可推知，此處指作者佩服祖母在水里的能力。故選A。
【34題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我很欽佩她在水下張開嘴，還能舒服地坐在海底的能力。A. hands手；B. mouth嘴；C. eyes眼睛；D. arms胳膊。根據(jù)上文“open her”以及下文“still sit comfortably on the seabed”可推知，此處指祖母張開嘴在水底坐著。故選C。
【35題詳解】
考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：與她的童年相比，我的童年相當(dāng)快樂(lè)。A. difficult困難的；B. complex復(fù)雜的；C. happy快樂(lè)的；D. similar相似的。通讀全文，再根據(jù)“compared with hers”可推知，此處指與祖母的童年經(jīng)歷相比，作者的童年相當(dāng)快樂(lè)。故選C。
【36題詳解】
考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我很感激我不需要像她那樣經(jīng)歷磨難。A. grateful感激的；B. surprised驚訝的；C. convinced深信不疑的；D. regretful后悔的。根據(jù)上文“My childhood is quite happy compared with hers.”可推知，此處指作者很感激自己的童年是快樂(lè)的。故選A。
【37題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：我很感激我不需要像她那樣經(jīng)歷磨難。A. reflect upon思考；B. go through經(jīng)歷；C. ask about詢問(wèn)；D. prepare for準(zhǔn)備。根據(jù)上文“I am grateful that I did not need”以及下文“the hardships like she did”可推知，此處指作者感激自己不需要經(jīng)歷祖母經(jīng)歷過(guò)的那些磨難。故選B。
【38題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我從來(lái)沒(méi)有遇到過(guò)受教育的問(wèn)題。A.unemployment失業(yè)；B. health健康；C. education教育；D. communication溝通。通讀全文，再根據(jù)上文“She did not have a chance to go to school.”可推知，文章主要講了祖母不被允許上學(xué)，沒(méi)受過(guò)教育的困境，所以此處指作者從來(lái)沒(méi)有遇到過(guò)受教育的問(wèn)題。故選C。
【39題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我想是我們不同的童年背景讓我的祖母成為了一個(gè)交談時(shí)令人驚嘆的人：她的故事總是讓我的歷史教科書鮮活起來(lái)。A. attend出席；B. refer參考；C. lead 領(lǐng)導(dǎo)；D. talk對(duì)話、討論。結(jié)合上文祖母給作者講故事，再根據(jù)上文“makes my grandmother such an amazing person”可推知，此處指祖母的經(jīng)歷使祖母成為了一個(gè)交談時(shí)令人驚嘆的人。talk to“與某人交談”。故選D。
【40題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：我想是我們不同的童年背景讓我的祖母成為了一個(gè)交談時(shí)令人驚嘆的人：她的故事總是讓我的歷史教科書鮮活起來(lái)。A. come true成真；B. come round蘇醒；C. come out出現(xiàn)；D. come alive變得生動(dòng)。根據(jù)上文“I guess our different childhood background is what makes my grandmother such an amazing person to talk to: her stories always make my history textbooks”可推知，此處指作者祖母的經(jīng)歷和故事豐富了作者的人生，使歷史書上的故事變得生動(dòng)鮮活，躍然紙上。故選D。
第二節(jié)（共10小題; 每小題1.5分, 滿分15分）
閱讀下面短文, 在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。
Although parks of all sizes and types exist at any level, the national parks, in particular, tend ____41____ (catch) our attention because of their large size and variety. They are ____42____ (treasure) of American heritage (遺產(chǎn)). How did the national park system come about? On a cool, starry night in mid-September 1870, four men relaxed before a campfire along the Firehole River in ____43____ is now northwestern Wyoming. They ____44____(be) part of a 15-member exploring party that had spent almost five awesome weeks in witness of the natural beauties there.
What should ____45____(do) with such a beautiful place? They wondered out loud. This area, with ____46____ (it) unique and breathtaking natural beauty, must be well preserved ____47____ all people of the nation to enjoy ― as a national park. They all agreed and vowed (承諾) to promote the idea at the ____48____ (complete) of their journey. Their promotional work paid off. Two years later, 18 years before Wyoming became a state, Yellowstone became the first national park in the United States and the world. Yellowstone was the ____49____ (large) United States national park ― 2.2 million acres ― until Wrangell-Saint Elias in southern Alaska, _____50_____ became a national monument in 1978, took the honors as a national park in 1980 with 12.3 million acres.
【答案】41. to catch
42. treasures
43. what 44. were
45. be done
46. its 47. for
48. completion
49. largest
50. which
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是說(shuō)明文。文章講述了美國(guó)國(guó)家公園的由來(lái)，即四個(gè)男人發(fā)現(xiàn)了一處非常美的自然風(fēng)景區(qū)，決定好好保護(hù)它以供后人欣賞，并為此做出了許多努力。
【41題詳解】
考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：盡管各級(jí)都有各種規(guī)模和類型的公園，但國(guó)家公園尤其吸引我們的注意，因?yàn)樗鼈凅w積大，種類繁多。固定搭配：tend to do sth.，表示“傾向于做某事”，不定式作賓語(yǔ)，故填to catch。
【42題詳解】
考查名詞。句意：它們是美國(guó)傳統(tǒng)的瑰寶。treasure表示“寶藏”，為可數(shù)名詞，結(jié)合前文they are，應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式，故填treasures。
【43題詳解】
考查賓語(yǔ)從句。句意：1870年9月中旬，在一個(gè)涼爽、繁星點(diǎn)點(diǎn)的夜晚，四個(gè)男人在火洞河邊的營(yíng)火前放松，這里現(xiàn)在是懷俄明州的西北部。后文為介詞in的賓語(yǔ)，is前缺主語(yǔ)，指物，主語(yǔ)用what引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，作介詞in的賓語(yǔ)，故填what。
【44題詳解】
考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：他們是一個(gè)由15人組成的探險(xiǎn)隊(duì)的一部分，他們花了近五個(gè)星期的時(shí)間來(lái)見(jiàn)證那里的自然美景。本空前They指代上文提及的四個(gè)男人，時(shí)間為1870年，同時(shí)聯(lián)系后文had spent的過(guò)去完成時(shí)可知，本空時(shí)態(tài)為過(guò)去式且為復(fù)數(shù)形式，故填were。
【45題詳解】
考查被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意：對(duì)于這樣一個(gè)美麗的地方，我們應(yīng)該做些什么呢？主語(yǔ)what指物，與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞do是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞should后接be done構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，故填be done。
【46題詳解】
考查代詞。句意：這個(gè)地區(qū)擁有獨(dú)特的、令人驚嘆的自然美景，必須作為國(guó)家公園保護(hù)好，為了所有國(guó)家的人都能享受。修飾名詞beauty用形容詞性物主代詞its，故填its。
【47題詳解】
考查介詞。句意同上。介詞for表目的，表示“為了所有國(guó)家的人都能享受”。 故填for。
【48題詳解】
考查名詞。句意：他們都同意了，并發(fā)誓要在旅行結(jié)束后推廣這個(gè)想法。冠詞修飾名詞，本空應(yīng)填名詞作賓語(yǔ)，complete名詞形式為completion，不可數(shù)，故填completion。
【49題詳解】
考查形容詞最高級(jí)。句意：黃石公園是美國(guó)最大的國(guó)家公園，占地220萬(wàn)英畝，直到1978年成為國(guó)家紀(jì)念碑的阿拉斯加南部的弗蘭格爾-圣伊萊亞斯在1980年以1230萬(wàn)英畝的面積作為國(guó)家公園獲得這項(xiàng)榮譽(yù)。本空前有the，為形容詞最高級(jí)標(biāo)志詞，結(jié)合下文“1978年成為國(guó)家紀(jì)念碑的阿拉斯加南部的弗蘭格爾-圣伊萊亞斯在1980年以1230萬(wàn)英畝的面積獲得國(guó)家公園的榮譽(yù)”可知，用large的最高級(jí)largest作定語(yǔ)，故填largest。
【50題詳解】
考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意同上。本空所在句子為定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞為Wrangell-Saint Elias，從句中作主語(yǔ)，指物，引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句用which，故填which。
第四部分 寫作（共兩節(jié), 滿分35分）
第一節(jié)短文改錯(cuò)（共10小題; 每小題1分, 滿分10分）
51. 假定英語(yǔ)課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文, 請(qǐng)你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文中共有10處語(yǔ)言錯(cuò)誤, 每句中最多有兩處。每處錯(cuò)誤僅涉及一個(gè)單詞的增加、刪除或修改。
增加: 在缺詞處加一個(gè)漏字符號(hào)（^）, 并在其下面寫出該加的詞。
刪除: 把多余的詞用斜線（）劃掉。
修改: 在錯(cuò)的詞下畫一橫線, 并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。
注意: 1. 每處錯(cuò)誤及其修改均僅限一詞;
2. 只允許修改10處, 多者（從第11處起）不計(jì)分。
Last week, I saw a program about Chongqing hotpot on TV. I was curious but planned a special one-day trip there with a friend of me. Our fast train was packing with passengers. A attendant gave us some travel brochures about Chongqing. When we arrived, we went straight a famous restaurant and ordered dishes, which tasted greatly. The atmosphere here made the meal all the more enjoyed. Hotpot is meant for families and friends to sit together, dip everything they like this in one pot, and shared friendship and love.
【答案】1. but→and
2. me→mine
3. packing→packed
4. A→An
5. straight后加 to
6. greatly → great
7. here → there
8. enjoyed →enjoyable
9.去掉this
10. shared→share
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述作者看了一個(gè)關(guān)于重慶火鍋節(jié)目后和一個(gè)朋友去那里一日游的經(jīng)歷。
【詳解】1. 考查連詞。句意：我很好奇，和我的一個(gè)朋友計(jì)劃了一個(gè)特別的一日游。前后句之間為順承關(guān)系，所以用并列連詞and。故將but改成and。
2. 考查代詞。句意：我很好奇，和我的一個(gè)朋友計(jì)劃了一個(gè)特別的一日游。a friend of mine我的一個(gè)朋友。介詞of后接是名詞性物主代詞作賓語(yǔ)。故將me改成mine。
3. 考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：我們的快車上擠滿了乘客。be packed with“擠滿”，pack與train是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。故將packing改成packed。
4. 考查冠詞。句意：一位服務(wù)員給了我們一些關(guān)于重慶的旅游手冊(cè)。名詞attendant 發(fā)音以元音音素開頭，所以用不定冠詞an。故將A改成An 。
5. 考查介詞。句意：當(dāng)我們到達(dá)時(shí)，我們直接去了一家著名的餐館，點(diǎn)了一些菜，味道很好。固定短語(yǔ)go straight to“徑直前往”。故在straight后加 to。
6. 考查形容詞。句意：當(dāng)我們到達(dá)時(shí)，我們直接去了一家著名的餐館，點(diǎn)了一些菜，味道很好。tasted是系動(dòng)詞，后接形容詞作表語(yǔ)。故將greatly 改成 great 。
7. 考查代詞。句意：那里的氣氛使這頓飯更加愉快。描述剛剛到達(dá)的餐館，用there指代上文提到的餐館。故將here 改成 there。
8. 考查形容詞。句意：那里的氣氛使這頓飯更加愉快。more后接形容詞形式，在句中作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。故將enjoyed 改成enjoyable。
9. 考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意：火鍋意味著家人和朋友坐在一起，把他們喜歡的東西放在一個(gè)鍋里，分享友誼和愛(ài)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，這里為定語(yǔ)從句。先行詞為everything，在定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)，省略關(guān)系代詞that，從句中this多余。故去掉this。
10. 考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：火鍋意味著家人和朋友坐在一起，把他們喜歡的東西放在一個(gè)鍋里，分享友誼和愛(ài)。不定式to后接動(dòng)詞原形sit ，dip和share，表示目的。故將shared改成share。
第二節(jié)書面表達(dá)（滿分25分）
52. 英語(yǔ)課要求做課堂展示, 請(qǐng)你根據(jù)所給圖片，以Development of Transport in China為題寫一篇發(fā)言稿。
注意:
1. 詞數(shù) 100 左右;
2. 題目和首句已為你寫好。
Development of Transport in China
From the vehicle of horses to todays convenient transport, Chinese transport has an enormous development.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】
Development of Transport in China
From the vehicle of horses to today’s convenient transport, Chinese transport has seen enormous development. Chinese transport has undergone remarkable transformations, giving the Chinese people access to different ways of travelling.
Firstly, shared bicycles have emerged as a symbol of urban mobility, offering an affordable and green alternative for short trips. Secondly, the introduction of high- speed trains has dramatically shortened travel times, making intercity travel faster and more comfortable. Lastly, the proliferation of new energy vehicles underscores China’s dedication to environmental sustainability, reducing reliance on fossil fuels. These developments illustrate China’s journey towards a modern and efficient transportation network that balances convenience with environmental responsibility.
In short, China’s transport system is embracing innovation and eco-friendliness.
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本篇書面表達(dá)屬于應(yīng)用文。要求考生根據(jù)所給圖片，以Development of Transport in China為題寫一篇發(fā)言稿。
【詳解】1.詞匯激活
提供：offer→provide
極大地：dramatically→tremendously
減少：reduce→decrease
總之：in short→in a nutshell
2.句式拓展
簡(jiǎn)單句變復(fù)合句
原句：Firstly, shared bicycles have emerged as a symbol of urban mobility, offering an affordable and green alternative for short trips.
拓展句：Firstly, shared bicycles, which offer an affordable and green alternative for short trips have emerged as a symbol of urban mobility.
【點(diǎn)睛】【高分句型1】Chinese transport has undergone remarkable transformations, giving the Chinese people access to different ways of travelling.(運(yùn)用了現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ))
【高分句型2】These developments illustrate China’s journey towards a modern and efficient transportation network that balances convenience with environmental responsibility.(運(yùn)用了that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句)
1―5 ACBCA 6―10 BBCAB 11―15 ABABC 16―20 ACBCA
2024年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國(guó)統(tǒng)一考試（新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷）
語(yǔ) 文
?。ㄟm用省份：山東、河北、湖北、福建、湖南、廣東、江蘇，浙江）
一、現(xiàn)代文閱讀（35分）
（一）現(xiàn)代文閱讀1（本題共5小題，19分）
閱讀下列文字，完成下面小題。
材料一：
?。ㄋ奈澹┲袊?guó)由劣勢(shì)到平衡到優(yōu)勢(shì)，日本由優(yōu)勢(shì)到平衡到劣勢(shì)，中國(guó)由防御到相持到反攻，日本由進(jìn)攻到保守到退卻――這就是中日戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的過(guò)程，中日戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的必然趨勢(shì)。
?。ㄋ牧┯谑菃?wèn)題和結(jié)論是：中國(guó)會(huì)亡嗎？答復(fù)：不會(huì)亡，最后勝利是中國(guó)的。中國(guó)能夠速勝嗎？答復(fù)：不能速勝，必須是持久戰(zhàn)。這個(gè)結(jié)論是正確的嗎？我以為是正確的。
（四七）講到這里，亡國(guó)論和妥協(xié)論者又將跑出來(lái)說(shuō)：中國(guó)由劣勢(shì)到平衡，需要有同日本相等的軍力和經(jīng)濟(jì)力；由平衡到優(yōu)勢(shì)，需要有超過(guò)日本的軍力和經(jīng)濟(jì)力；然而這是不可能的，因此上述結(jié)論是不正確的。
?。ㄋ陌耍┻@就是所謂“唯武器論”，是戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)問(wèn)題中的機(jī)械論，是主觀地和片面地看問(wèn)題的意見(jiàn)。我們的意見(jiàn)與此相反，不但看到武器，而且看到人力。武器是戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的重要的因素，但不是決定的因素，決定的因素是人不是物。
力量對(duì)比不但是軍力和經(jīng)濟(jì)力的對(duì)比，而且是人力和人心的對(duì)比。軍力和經(jīng)濟(jì)力是要人去掌握的。如果中國(guó)人的大多數(shù)、日本人的大多數(shù)、世界各國(guó)人的大多數(shù)是站在抗日戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)方面的話，那末，日本少數(shù)人強(qiáng)制地掌握著的軍力和經(jīng)濟(jì)力，還能算是優(yōu)勢(shì)嗎？它不是優(yōu)勢(shì)，那么，掌握比較劣勢(shì)的軍力和經(jīng)濟(jì)力的中國(guó)，不就成了優(yōu)勢(shì)嗎？沒(méi)有疑義，中國(guó)只要堅(jiān)持抗戰(zhàn)和堅(jiān)持統(tǒng)一戰(zhàn)線，其軍力和經(jīng)濟(jì)力是能夠逐漸地加強(qiáng)的。而我們的敵人，經(jīng)過(guò)長(zhǎng)期戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)和內(nèi)外矛盾的削弱，其軍力和經(jīng)濟(jì)力又必然要起相反的變化。在這種情況下，難道中國(guó)也不能變成優(yōu)勢(shì)嗎？還不止此，目前我們不能把別國(guó)的軍力和經(jīng)濟(jì)力大量地公開地算作自己方面的力量，難道將來(lái)也不能嗎？如果日本的敵人不止中國(guó)一個(gè)，如果將來(lái)有一國(guó)或幾國(guó)以其相當(dāng)大量的軍力和經(jīng)濟(jì)力公開地防御或攻擊日本，公開地援助我們，那末，優(yōu)勢(shì)不更在我們一方面嗎？日本是小國(guó)，其戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)是退步的和野蠻的，其國(guó)際地位將益處于孤立；中國(guó)是大國(guó)，其戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)是進(jìn)步的和正義的，其國(guó)際地位將益處于多助。所有這些，經(jīng)過(guò)長(zhǎng)期發(fā)展，難道還不能使敵我優(yōu)劣的形勢(shì)確定地發(fā)生變化嗎？
?。ㄕ悦珴蓶|《論持久戰(zhàn)》）
材料二：
1938年5月，毛澤東發(fā)表著名的《論持久戰(zhàn)》，系統(tǒng)闡述了關(guān)于持久戰(zhàn)的戰(zhàn)略思想。
首先，毛澤東分析了中國(guó)實(shí)施持久戰(zhàn)的外部原因。他說(shuō)：“中日戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)不是任何別的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)，乃是半殖民地半封建的中國(guó)和帝國(guó)主義的日本之間在二十世紀(jì)三十年代進(jìn)行的一個(gè)決死的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)?！彼信e了中日雙方“互相反對(duì)”的四個(gè)特點(diǎn)。除戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的正義、非正義，以及與此相關(guān)的寡助、多助問(wèn)題外，他特別強(qiáng)調(diào)了敵強(qiáng)我弱和敵小我大的問(wèn)題。日本的強(qiáng)，表現(xiàn)在它的軍力、經(jīng)濟(jì)力和政治組織力，這就決定了中國(guó)的抗日戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)不能很快取得勝利。日本的小，表現(xiàn)在國(guó)度小，其人力、軍力、財(cái)力、物力均經(jīng)不起長(zhǎng)期戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的消耗，這就決定了中國(guó)可以通過(guò)持久戰(zhàn)而最終打敗日本。
其次，毛澤東分析了中國(guó)實(shí)施持久戰(zhàn)的內(nèi)部條件。這個(gè)條件是什么？簡(jiǎn)單地說(shuō)，就是把已經(jīng)發(fā)動(dòng)的抗戰(zhàn)發(fā)展為全面的全民族的抗戰(zhàn)。毛澤東以“兵民是勝利之本”為標(biāo)題，專門論述了全面抗戰(zhàn)和全民族抗戰(zhàn)的觀點(diǎn)。關(guān)于軍隊(duì)，他強(qiáng)調(diào)要把政治精神貫注于軍隊(duì)之中，這樣才能激發(fā)官兵最大限度的抗戰(zhàn)熱忱。關(guān)于民眾，他提出“戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的偉力之最深厚的根源，存在于民眾之中”。共產(chǎn)黨一直把“放手發(fā)動(dòng)群眾，壯大人民力量”作為自己的抗戰(zhàn)路線，人民戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)理論的科學(xué)性也得到了廣泛印證。
以毛澤東為首的中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨人，不僅提出了抗日持久戰(zhàn)戰(zhàn)略，而且具體闡釋了實(shí)施抗日持久戰(zhàn)的方法。毛澤東指出，在中國(guó)大而弱、日本小而強(qiáng)的情況下敵人可以占地甚廣，卻在占領(lǐng)地留下很多空虛的地方，“因此抗日游擊戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)就主要地不是在內(nèi)線配合正規(guī)軍的戰(zhàn)役作戰(zhàn)，而是在外線單獨(dú)作戰(zhàn)”。毛澤東還具體分析了游擊戰(zhàn)的戰(zhàn)略內(nèi)容、游擊戰(zhàn)與正規(guī)戰(zhàn)的配合等問(wèn)題。在這一思想指導(dǎo)下，共產(chǎn)黨領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的軍隊(duì)在敵后廣泛展開游擊戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)，卓有成效地牽制與消耗日軍，發(fā)揮了巨大戰(zhàn)略作用。
有一種說(shuō)法，認(rèn)為抗日持久戰(zhàn)的思想不是毛澤東最早提出的。這種說(shuō)法主要依據(jù)蔣百里、陳誠(chéng)等人的言論，蔣介石也有過(guò)“持久消耗戰(zhàn)”的言論。這種認(rèn)識(shí)都源于一個(gè)客觀存在，即中國(guó)是一個(gè)落后大國(guó)，日本是一個(gè)先進(jìn)小國(guó)。承認(rèn)這個(gè)客觀存在的人，并不需要特別的先見(jiàn)之明，就會(huì)得出中日戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)將是持久戰(zhàn)的結(jié)論。
但是，僅僅看到由客觀條件造成的抗日戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的持久性，還遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不是抗日持久戰(zhàn)的戰(zhàn)略思想。蔣介石等人缺乏對(duì)中國(guó)與世界關(guān)系以及世界格局演變的辯證思考，因此他們對(duì)所謂“持久”的把握往往脫離實(shí)際，盲目地寄希望于西方國(guó)家的調(diào)?；蚋深A(yù)。而中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨的持久戰(zhàn)思想，是建立在對(duì)與戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)相關(guān)的一切外部與內(nèi)部復(fù)雜因素進(jìn)行深刻分析的基礎(chǔ)之上的，對(duì)于戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)不同階段的關(guān)系、戰(zhàn)略持久與戰(zhàn)役速?zèng)Q的關(guān)系等，都有完整的科學(xué)分析。因此它的持久戰(zhàn)戰(zhàn)略，既不會(huì)因?yàn)橐粫r(shí)順利而幻想“速勝”，也不會(huì)因?yàn)橐粫r(shí)挫折而失去必勝的信心。
?。ㄕ幾詷s維木《中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨抗日持久戰(zhàn)的戰(zhàn)略與實(shí)踐》）
1. 下列對(duì)材料相關(guān)內(nèi)容的理解和分析，不正確的一項(xiàng)是（ ）
A. 《論持久戰(zhàn)》在分析抗戰(zhàn)走勢(shì)時(shí)，并未局限于中日兩國(guó)，而是展現(xiàn)出對(duì)世界整體局勢(shì)變化的'宏觀把握。
B. 落后大國(guó)面對(duì)先進(jìn)小國(guó)的侵略，不可能速勝，必然要經(jīng)歷由劣勢(shì)到平衡、由平衡到優(yōu)勢(shì)的持久戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)過(guò)程。
C. “不但看到武器，而且看到人力”，指在承認(rèn)軍力和經(jīng)濟(jì)力差距的前提下，相信人力和人心才是勝利之本。
D. 中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨抗日持久戰(zhàn)思想不只體現(xiàn)在判斷抗戰(zhàn)將會(huì)長(zhǎng)久，更體現(xiàn)在對(duì)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)走向作出了全面科學(xué)的分析。
2. 根據(jù)材料內(nèi)容，下列說(shuō)法不正確的一項(xiàng)是（ ）
A. 日本軍力和經(jīng)濟(jì)力并不占優(yōu)勢(shì)，因?yàn)樗鼈儍H僅掌握在日本少數(shù)人的手中。
B. 抗日游擊戰(zhàn)要更多承擔(dān)外線單獨(dú)作戰(zhàn)的任務(wù)，這是當(dāng)時(shí)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的客觀形勢(shì)決定的。
C. 抗戰(zhàn)整體進(jìn)程是持久的，不過(guò)具體到某一場(chǎng)戰(zhàn)役，也可根據(jù)實(shí)際情況速戰(zhàn)速?zèng)Q。
D. 中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨提出的抗日持久戰(zhàn)相信得道多助，也愿意接受國(guó)際力量的援助。
3. 下列選項(xiàng)符合材料二中實(shí)施持久戰(zhàn)的“內(nèi)部條件”的一項(xiàng)是（ ）
A. 敵雖強(qiáng)，但敵之強(qiáng)已為其他不利的因素所減殺。
B. 除東三省等地外，敵人實(shí)際只能占領(lǐng)大城市、大道和某些平地。
C. 中國(guó)的短處是戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)力量之弱，而其長(zhǎng)處則在其戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)本質(zhì)的進(jìn)步性和正義性。
D. 動(dòng)員了全國(guó)的老百姓，就造成了陷敵于滅頂之災(zāi)的汪洋大海。
4. 材料一多處使用了設(shè)問(wèn)句和反問(wèn)句，請(qǐng)簡(jiǎn)要分析其論證效果。
?。ǘ┈F(xiàn)代文閱讀Ⅱ（本題共4小題，16分）
閱讀下面的文字，完成下面小題。
放牛記
徐則臣
我現(xiàn)在想不起我何時(shí)開始了放牛娃的生涯，又在哪一天徹底結(jié)束了這種生活。我很小就羨慕那些吆喝牛馬的孩子，覺(jué)得他們是豪放粗獷的英雄。而我只是個(gè)溫順的可憐蟲，總是衣褲整齊，指甲干凈，不剃光頭，站在他們身邊像個(gè)走親戚的陌生人。我想和他們一樣，只穿一條小褲衩，光著上身和腳，曬成黑鐵蛋，坐在光溜溜的水牛背上揮舞自制的長(zhǎng)鞭，雄赳赳氣昂昂向野地里進(jìn)發(fā)。能夠大喊大叫，可以隨地撒尿，無(wú)視課堂和作業(yè)，遇到仇人要打的架一個(gè)都不落下，輕易就能滾出來(lái)一身泥。我想當(dāng)個(gè)野孩子，所以，很早我就慫恿父親買一頭牛。
我家的確需要一頭牛。父親是醫(yī)生，農(nóng)忙時(shí)經(jīng)常搭不上手；祖父祖母年紀(jì)大了，體力活兒也幫不上忙；我和姐姐都小，還要念書；十畝田都要母親一個(gè)人對(duì)付，運(yùn)糧食時(shí)都沒(méi)個(gè)幫手。父親決定買牛，哪怕只用來(lái)拉車。
買牛的那天我記得，你能想象我的激動(dòng)。在下午，我和父親去兩里外的鄰村牽牛，已經(jīng)提前談好了價(jià)。在鄰村的中心路邊，我頭一次見(jiàn)到鋸木廠，在一間大屋里，電鋸沖開木料的聲音在午后的熱空氣里格外尖利，幾乎能看見(jiàn)那聲音在閃耀著銀光。我停下來(lái)看陰影里的鋸木廠，橫七豎八堆滿了木料，新鮮的木頭味道和鋸末一起飛濺出來(lái)。
那頭小母牛還小，吃奶的時(shí)候還要哼哼唧唧地叫，長(zhǎng)得憨厚天真，我很喜歡。主人是個(gè)中年男人，說(shuō)：回去調(diào)教半年，就能干活。他給小牛結(jié)了一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的轡頭，韁繩遞給我們，我們就把牛牽出了門。
小牛屁顛屁顛地跟著我們走，出了村才感覺(jué)不對(duì)，開始茫然地叫，表情如同迷途的小孩。一路仄著身子走，擰巴著被牽到我家。這一路走得我興奮又糾結(jié)，想牽不敢，摸它一下，摸完了趕緊撤，怕它踢。當(dāng)然后來(lái)我知道，再?zèng)]有比水牛更溫馴的動(dòng)物了。
我經(jīng)歷了把一頭小牛訓(xùn)練成壯勞力的全過(guò)程。換轡頭，套車，駕轅，用聲音和韁繩指揮行止，扎鼻眼，犁地，耙地。幾年以后，我基本上成了老把式，可以一個(gè)人鍘草、套車、駕轅，運(yùn)送滿滿一車的糧食走在窄路上。我知道它回頭看我是什么意思，知道它抬尾巴搖屁股想干什么。當(dāng)然，這對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)是副產(chǎn)品，我想說(shuō)的還是放牛。
在當(dāng)時(shí)，放牛部分地滿足了我的少年英雄夢(mèng)，讓一個(gè)必須規(guī)整地生活的少年有了一個(gè)旁逸斜出的機(jī)會(huì)。就算現(xiàn)在，我也不認(rèn)為整天和一頭牛走在野地里是件苦嘰嘰的事，相反，我以為那是我少年時(shí)代最快樂(lè)的生活之一。
放牛都在夏天，放了暑假我才有時(shí)間。三伏天的午后太陽(yáng)高懸，螞蟻都被曬蒙了，暈暈乎乎爬出的全是曲線；如果要去遠(yuǎn)處找水草豐茂的地方，那我就得早早地從午睡中爬起來(lái)，戴上草帽出門。我直犯困，遇到樹蔭就不想再動(dòng)，尤其經(jīng)過(guò)河邊，看那些戲水的同伴，你真覺(jué)得放牛實(shí)在是個(gè)負(fù)擔(dān)。讓人煩的還有一個(gè)，大雨天。這不是放牛的好時(shí)候，但牛出不去你得出去，割草，干不干活你都得讓它每天吃飽；家里自也備了干草，只是大夏天的芳草萋萋，你不讓它吃新鮮的，不人道也不牛道。還是得穿雨衣戴斗笠挎籃子割草去。漫天雨霧，湯湯水水的野地里就你一個(gè)人，蹲在草叢里形同消失，像我這種動(dòng)不動(dòng)就悲觀的人，常常會(huì)覺(jué)得自己被這個(gè)世界遺棄了，那感覺(jué)也不太好。
不過(guò)這樣的時(shí)候畢竟少，英雄主義的少年時(shí)代總體上是樂(lè)觀向上的――放牛的確是件好玩的事。野地自由，有種無(wú)所事事的、透明的自然與放松。放牛通常是集體行動(dòng)，幾個(gè)放牛娃排成隊(duì)伍往村外走，大家都坐在牛背上，屁股底下墊條麻袋。水牛走起來(lái)渾身都在動(dòng)，騎牛更像坐轎子。后面的人打前面的牛屁股，一個(gè)跟著一個(gè)跑起來(lái)，六七頭牛，都在撅著屁股跑，那隊(duì)伍看起來(lái)很壯觀。牛一跑，大肚子就撲扇撲扇地抖，活像巨大的金魚腮在鼓鼓癟癟地呼吸。如果你是新手，最好抓住韁繩，夾緊兩腿，能抱住牛脖子更好，否則你隨時(shí)可能掉下去。有天黃昏，牧童晚歸，我騎在牛背上慢悠悠往家走，有人對(duì)著牛屁股猛的一巴掌，受了驚的牛撅起屁股就跑，我手里還抱著自己做的一根竹笛在專心地找音，連韁繩都沒(méi)抓，牛一屁股把我送到了右前方的水溝里，半個(gè)腦袋扎進(jìn)了淤泥。
如果真要找一點(diǎn)和其他放牛娃的不同，可能就是我放牛經(jīng)常帶本書。很多武俠小說(shuō)都是在墳地里看的。亂墳崗子里草好，把韁繩纏到牛角上讓它們自己吃去，我們找個(gè)形狀合適的墳堆，鋪上麻袋就著墳勢(shì)躺下來(lái)，翹起二郎腿。想睡覺(jué)的睡覺(jué)，想唱歌的唱歌，想發(fā)呆的發(fā)呆；我想看書，從兜里拽出一本武俠小說(shuō)來(lái)。清風(fēng)徐來(lái)，頭頂有松樹遮陰，天上流云飛動(dòng)，此時(shí)看武俠，幾等于塵囂皆忘，那一個(gè)白衣飄飄的俠義世界美不勝收――大虛乃是大實(shí)，大無(wú)中有大有。
放牛給了我一個(gè)幾近完美的少年時(shí)代，放松，自由，融入野地里，跟自然和大地曾經(jīng)如此貼近。我在放牛時(shí)沒(méi)能讓自己成為一個(gè)野孩子，或者說(shuō)沒(méi)能成為我希望的那樣的野孩子，不知道這個(gè)結(jié)果是好還是壞。往事總在回憶時(shí)被賦予意義，在放牛這個(gè)經(jīng)歷上，我更愿意就事論事，返回到當(dāng)年的心境里，看一看當(dāng)時(shí)的悲歡和憂樂(lè)。
6. 下列對(duì)文本相關(guān)內(nèi)容和藝術(shù)特色的分析鑒賞，正確的一項(xiàng)是（ ）
A. 父親決定買牛，除了確屬生產(chǎn)需要，也想讓兒子跟其他孩子一起放牛，以改變他“像個(gè)走親戚的陌生人”那樣不合群的性格。
B. 作為一個(gè)曾經(jīng)的“老把式”，“我”卻認(rèn)為馭牛的諸般本領(lǐng)都只是“副產(chǎn)品”，只有放牛那種“旁逸斜出”的生活才是“我”最想談?wù)摰摹?span style="display:none">lws萬(wàn)博士范文網(wǎng)-您身邊的范文參考網(wǎng)站Vanbs.com
C. 大雨天里為牛割草的情形，讓“我”意識(shí)到自己是一個(gè)“悲觀”之人，可見(jiàn)放牛生活對(duì)“我”思想意識(shí)的養(yǎng)成有著至關(guān)重要的意義。
D. 文中記述“我”在亂墳崗子里看武俠小說(shuō)，是有意以環(huán)境的陰森怪異來(lái)映襯看武俠的樂(lè)趣，也凸顯出“塵囂皆忘”的讀書境界。
7. 關(guān)于文中鋸木廠這個(gè)段落，下列說(shuō)法不正確的一項(xiàng)是（ ）
A. 買牛讓“我”格外激動(dòng)，因此買牛那天的相關(guān)情景在“我”的記憶里依然生動(dòng)鮮活。
B. 兩里外鄰村路邊的鋸木廠，對(duì)那時(shí)的“我”來(lái)說(shuō)，儼然一個(gè)陌生而刺激的新天地。
C. 這個(gè)段落看似閑筆，實(shí)則以先抑后揚(yáng)的手法來(lái)突出下文“我”的“興奮又糾結(jié)”。
D. 這段文字里彌漫著熱、聲、光影、氣味，營(yíng)造出記憶中少年舊事那獨(dú)特的氣息。
8. 文章為何說(shuō)“放牛給了我一個(gè)幾近完美的少年時(shí)代”？
9. 文末畫線的句子表明，作者不愿在回憶往事時(shí)為放?！百x予意義”。你認(rèn)為本文是否做到了這一點(diǎn)？請(qǐng)簡(jiǎn)要說(shuō)明。
二、古代詩(shī)文閱讀（35分）
?。ㄒ唬┪难晕拈喿x（本題共5小題，22分）
閱讀下面的文言文，完成下面小題。
材料一：
李廣有孫陵，為侍中，善騎射。帝以為有廣之風(fēng)，使教射酒泉、張掖以備胡。及貳師擊匈奴[注]，陵叩頭自請(qǐng)?jiān)唬骸俺妓鶎⑼瓦呎撸郧G楚勇士奇材劍客也。愿得自當(dāng)一隊(duì)，到蘭干山南以分單于兵，毋令專鄉(xiāng)貳師軍。臣愿以少擊眾，步兵五千人涉單于庭?！鄙蠅讯S之。陵至?；?，與單于相值，騎可三萬(wàn)圍陵軍。陵搏戰(zhàn)攻之，虜還走上山，漢軍追擊，殺數(shù)千人。單于大驚，召八萬(wàn)余騎攻陵。陵軍步斗樹木間，復(fù)殺數(shù)千人。陵居谷中，虜在山上，四面射，矢如雨下。士卒多死，不得行。陵曰：“無(wú)面目報(bào)陛下！”遂降。上怒甚，群臣皆罪陵。上以問(wèn)太史令司馬遷，遷盛言：“陵事親孝，與士信，常奮不顧身以徇國(guó)家之急，其素所畜積也，有國(guó)士之風(fēng)。且陵提步卒不滿五千，深蹂戎馬之地，抑?jǐn)?shù)萬(wàn)之師。身雖陷敗，然其所摧敗亦足暴于天下。彼之不死，宜欲得當(dāng)以報(bào)漢也?！鄙弦赃w為誣罔，下遷腐刑。久之，上悔陵無(wú)救。上遣（公孫）敖深入匈奴迎李陵，敖軍無(wú)功還，因曰：“捕得生口，言李陵教單于為兵以備漢軍。”上于是族陵家。既而聞之，乃漢將降匈奴者李緒，非陵也。陵使人刺殺緒，大閼氏欲殺陵，單于匿之北方。大閼氏死，乃還。單于以女妻陵，立為右校王，與衛(wèi)律皆貴用事。衛(wèi)律常在單于左右；陵居外，有大事乃入議。（征和三年）三月，遣李廣利將七萬(wàn)人出五原，擊匈奴。匈奴使大將與李陵將三萬(wàn)余騎追漢軍，轉(zhuǎn)戰(zhàn)九日。
（節(jié)選自《資治通鑒?漢紀(jì)》）
材料二：
李陵之降也，罪較著而不可掩。如謂其孤軍支虜而無(wú)援，則以步卒五千出塞，陵自炫其勇，而非武帝命之不獲辭也。陵之族也，則嫁其禍于李緒；迨其后李廣利征匈奴，陵將三萬(wàn)余騎追漢軍，轉(zhuǎn)戰(zhàn)九日，亦將委罪于緒乎？如曰陵受單于之制，不得不追奔轉(zhuǎn)戰(zhàn)者，匈奴豈伊無(wú)可信之人？令陵有兩袒之心，單于亦何能信陵而委以重兵，使深入而與漢將相持乎！遷之為陵文過(guò)若不及，而抑稱道李廣于不絕，以獎(jiǎng)其世業(yè)。為將而降降而為之效死以戰(zhàn)雖欲浣滌其污而已緇之素不可復(fù)白。大節(jié)喪，則余無(wú)可浣也。李陵曰“思一得當(dāng)以報(bào)漢”，愧蘇武而為之辭也。其背逆也，固非遷之所得而文焉者也。
?。ü?jié)選自王夫之《讀通鑒論》卷三）
[注]貳師，指漢代貳師將軍李廣利。
10. 材料中畫波浪線的部分有三處需要斷句，請(qǐng)用鉛筆將答題卡上相應(yīng)位置的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑。
為將而降A(chǔ)降而為之B效死C以戰(zhàn)D雖欲浣E滌其污F而已G緇之素不可復(fù)白。
11. 下列對(duì)材料中加點(diǎn)的詞語(yǔ)及相關(guān)內(nèi)容的解說(shuō)，不正確的一項(xiàng)是（ ）
A. 壯，認(rèn)為……豪壯，意動(dòng)用法，與《老子》“不貴難得之貨”的“貴”用法相同。
B. 親，父母，可偏指父或母，與《孔雀東南飛》“我有親父兄”的“親”意思不相同。
C. “彼之不死”與《愛(ài)蓮說(shuō)》“予獨(dú)愛(ài)蓮之出淤泥而不染”的“之”用法不相同。
D. 迨，等到，與《項(xiàng)脊軒志》“迨諸父異爨”的“迨”字意思相同。
12. 下列對(duì)材料有關(guān)內(nèi)容的概述，不正確的一項(xiàng)是（ ）
A. 李陵擅長(zhǎng)騎馬射箭，受命在酒泉、張掖訓(xùn)練軍隊(duì)。李廣利出擊匈奴時(shí)，李陵請(qǐng)求以少擊眾，率五千步卒深入單于王庭，王夫之認(rèn)為這是“自炫其勇”。
B. 李陵遭遇單于三萬(wàn)人馬，奮力作戰(zhàn)，單于震恐，召八萬(wàn)人圍攻李陵，李陵率軍殺敵數(shù)千。對(duì)于李陵的戰(zhàn)功，司馬遷稱贊他雖敗猶榮，而王夫之則未置一詞。
C. 李陵投降后，武帝大怒，司馬遷竭力替李陵辯白。王夫之認(rèn)為，司馬遷這樣做的原因，是擔(dān)心如果不及時(shí)為李陵掩飾罪過(guò)，就會(huì)損害李廣的聲譽(yù)。
D. 武帝誤信李陵幫助匈奴訓(xùn)練軍隊(duì)，誅殺李陵家族，其實(shí)幫助匈奴的是李緒。王夫之認(rèn)為，即便滅族之禍可以歸罪于李緒，李陵的罪責(zé)也無(wú)可推卸。
13. 把材料中畫橫線的句子翻譯成現(xiàn)代漢語(yǔ)。
（1）愿得自當(dāng)一隊(duì)，到蘭干山南以分單于兵，毋令專鄉(xiāng)貳師軍。
?。?）李陵曰“思一得當(dāng)以報(bào)漢”，愧蘇武而為之辭也。其背逆也，固非遷之所得而文焉者也。
14. 王夫之強(qiáng)調(diào)李陵“大節(jié)喪，則余無(wú)可浣也”，材料一有哪些事實(shí)可以支持王夫之的觀點(diǎn)？請(qǐng)簡(jiǎn)要概括。
?。ǘ┕糯?shī)歌閱讀（本題共2小題，9分）
閱讀下面這首宋詩(shī)，完成下面小題。
宿千歲庵聽(tīng)泉
劉克莊
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